Ethics

We have a write an Ethics essay regarding the following prompt I will be attaching files of a flow chart directing what he wants in each paragraph. And of the 5 ethics theories, where you only have to use 2 !

Prompt:
The Federal Aviation Administration disclosed last week that ValuJet has applied to resume flying. You can be pretty sure the FAA is not going to approve this application casually. Regulators shut down the discount airline after the May 11 crash in Florida that killed 110 people. Further, FAA has been struggling with the question of whether to require small children to fly in safety seats. The rule has long been that kids less than two years old may sit in a parent’s lap and therefore, usually, fly for free. An FAA – commissioned study, however, determined that requiring safety seats would actually cost lives. How? By leading families to drive instead of fly. The study figured that ending the small-children-fly-free policy would raise the average fare for affected families by $185 causing one-fifth of them to use a car instead. Whereas the safety seats would save an average of one child’s life per decade, the extra driving (far more dangerous than flying) would cost nine lives. Or so the study figured.
The past two months have seen a festival of recriminations about sloppy practices at both ValuJet and the FAA. A Washington Post editorial declared. “The public needs evidence that the government is insisting on the highest safety standards possible.”
A seemingly unobjectionable sentiment- but there are two problems with it. The first is that the highest safety standards possible are too high. You can always make flying – or any other economic activity- safer by making it more expensive (increasing the minimum distance between aircraft, or the time between takeoffs, requiring wider aisles and so on). The inevitable trade-off between safety and cost, plus the law of diminishing returns, dictates that you stop well short of the highest possible standards.
Second, there is no reason every airline should meet the same level of safety. In fact, it makes perfect sense for discount airlines to be less safe than traditional full-rice carriers. This is no excuse for negligence and rule breaking. But if the rules don’t recognize that some people, quite rationally, will wish to buy less safety for less money, they are doing the flying public disservice.
Try some rough math on the back of an envelope. According to Transportation Secretary Federico Pena, discount airlines have lowered ticket prices, on routes where they compete, by an average of $54 (or $70 to or from an airline “hub”). The standard statistic on airline safety is that you could fly once a day, every day, for 21,000 years before dying in an airplane crash. So suppose that flying discount made it 10 times more likely that you would die in a crash. Now the odds on a fatal crash are 1 in 2,100 years. It is worth-it just to save $54? Well, by my calculation (checked with folks whose grounding in mathematics is sturdier and more recent), you’re increasing your chance of a fatal crash by about 1-in-855,000. Looked at the other way, paying the extra $54 to avoid the added risk (and leaving aside other advantages of grownup airlines, such as the delicious meals, roomy seats, punctual departures, onboard golf courses etc) Puts an implicit value on your life of about $46 million.
Now, you may think your life is worth $46 million, but unless you’ve got $46 million to spend on it, that’s a hollow boost. Every day you make decisions probably including the decision to step outside your house and risk being torn apart by hounds as you pick up the morning paper (you could, after all, hire someone to bring the paper inside for you every day, just to be safe – that implicitly value your own life at less than $46 million. Of course Freedom of Neuroses is one of the basic American liberties we celebrated last week on Independence Day, and people should be free to spend $54 to avoid a 1-in-855,000 risk if they so desire. But society should not force them to do so. And society, in setting its rules, cannot possibly value each person’s life at $46 million without grinding to a halt.
Analyze the above ethical case using the ethical frameworks discussed in class.

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Criteria:
Introduction of Facts:
1. Identify Relevant facts
2. Relevant facts are properly and effectively stated, using your own words, in a sequential and continence fashion. In addition, essay is written from the correct perspective.
Ethical Dilemma
1. The correct ethical dilemma is properly identified, clearly explained, and properly positioned in the correct section of the essay.
Identify Primary Stakeholders
1. All relevant Primary Stakeholders are properly identified using an essay format with a clear explanation as to why there are stakeholders (What do they have at stake)
Relevant Possible Solutions
1. Clearly identified two possible solutions to the correct ethical dilemma using an essay format.
Evaluations of Possible Solutions
1. Each possible solution is properly supported with two applicable ethical theories. In addition, clear consequences are properly discussed from when applying each possible solution
Decision
1. The conclusion/decision is brief, concise and is based on the discussed and provided analyses.
Organization
1. Writing shows high degree of attention to logic and reasoning of points. Unity clearly leads the reader to the conclusion and stirs thought regarding the topic.
Grammar & Mechanics
1. Essay is free of distracting spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors; absent of fragments, comma splices, and run-ons.

How to find an Ethical Dilemma:
Who actually has a pending choice that has yet to happen, that actually has a consequence or effects?
List the facts in essay format,
1. Choice to be made
2. Implicates competing values, rights & goals.
3. Potential harm to decision maker?
4. Potential harm to others?
5. “Ripple Effect:” long-term, far reaching implications of decision to be made.
1st paragraph
– Should be discussing the facts in a relevant sequential concise way. Paragraph should end with the issue or ethical dilemma.
– You can end paragraph by saying “The ethical dilemma that so and so is facing is whether or not to force ____ to _____.
o DO NOT SAY WETHER OR NOT, AS THAT IS NOT CONCISE.
2nd paragraph
– Who are the primary stakeholders and what do they have at stake?
– You can start by saying “Based on the above the stakeholders in this case would be (are the following) no bulleted points has to be an essay.
o “Starting with____, ____ is a stakeholder because _______ and _______ which would________ and _______.
3rd paragraph
– Identify the possible solutions – Needs to be 2
– Identify possible solution to the dilemma
o You must support each possible solution with 2 applicable theories (5 Theories)
o Followed by the consequences of using the possible solutions
4th paragraph
– Evaluate each possible solution or support each possible solution with two applicable theories (look at 5 ethical theories previously discussed)
5th paragraph
– Compare and Assess the consequences of applying each possible solution
6th paragraph
– Make a decision or recommendation
– You either recommend either-Or possible solution

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